abstract：:Biphasic dose-response relationship induced by environmental agents is often characterized with the effect of low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. Some studies showed that arsenite may induce cell proliferation and apoptosis via biphasic dose-response relationship in human cells; however, mechanisms underlyi...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： He XQ,Chen R,Yang P,Li AP,Zhou JW,Liu QZ

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To characterize modes of action of substances and their cytotoxic effects Bionas GmbH has developed a new screening system to allow the continuous recording of how an active substance can act (Bionas 2500 analyzing system). In the pharmaceutical industry it is important to acquire as much information as possible about...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Thedinga E,Kob A,Holst H,Keuer A,Drechsler S,Niendorf R,Baumann W,Freund I,Lehmann M,Ehret R

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose feeding can markedly exacerbate the toxicity of the anticholinesterase insecticide, parathion. We determined the effects of parathion on brain nitric oxide and its possible role in potentiation of toxicity by glucose feeding. Adult rats were given water or 15% glucose in water for 3 days and challenged with ve...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Liu J,Gupta RC,Goad JT,Karanth S,Pope C

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, the FDA approved the medical use of oral pyridostigmine as prophylactic treatment of possible nerve agent exposure: the concept is to block the cholinesterase transitorily using the carbamate (pyridostigmine) in order to deny access to the active site of the enzyme to the irreversible inhibitor (nerve agent)...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Petroianu GA,Hasan MY,Nurulain SM,Arafat K,Sheen R,Nagelkerke N

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the evaluation of chemical mixture toxicity, it is desirable to develop an evaluation paradigm which incorporates some critical attributes of real world exposures, particularly low dose levels, larger numbers of chemicals, and chemicals from synthetic and natural sources. This study evaluated the impact of low leve...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Charles GD,Gennings C,Tornesi B,Kan HL,Zacharewski TR,Bhaskar Gollapudi B,Carney EW

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The developing neuroendocrine brain represents a potential target for endocrine active chemicals. The UV filter 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) exhibits estrogenic activity, but also interferes with the thyroid axis. We investigated effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to 4-MBC in the same rat offspring at brain...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Maerkel K,Durrer S,Henseler M,Schlumpf M,Lichtensteiger W

更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Tissue factor (TF) is involved not only in the progression of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, but is also associated with tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis and hence may be an attractive target for directed cancer therapeutics. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) is widely used in the treatment of...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Huang TH,Tran VH,Roufogalis BD,Li Y

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDI) have been shown to increase differentiation-related gene expression in several tumor-derived cell lines by hyperacetylating core histones. Effects of HDI on primary cultured cells, however, have hardly been investigated. In the present study, the ability of trichostatin A (TSA), a ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Henkens T,Papeleu P,Elaut G,Vinken M,Rogiers V,Vanhaecke T

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from fossil fuels are ubiquitous contaminants and occur in aquatic habitats as highly variable and complex mixtures of compounds containing 2 to 6 rings. For aquatic species, PAHs are generally accepted as acting through either of two modes of action: (1) "dioxin-like" t...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Incardona JP,Day HL,Collier TK,Scholz NL

更新日期：2006-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Increased risk of vasospasm, a spontaneous hyperconstriction, is associated with atherosclerosis, cigarette smoking, and hypertension-all conditions involving oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation. To test the role of the lipid peroxidation- and inflammation-derived aldehyde, acrolein, in human vasosp...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Conklin DJ,Bhatnagar A,Cowley HR,Johnson GH,Wiechmann RJ,Sayre LM,Trent MB,Boor PJ

更新日期：2006-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) neurotoxin is a chemical inducer of Parkinson's disease (PD) whereas N-methylated beta-carbolines and isoquinolines are naturally occurring analogues of MPTP involved in PD. This research has studied the oxidation of MPTP by human CYP2D6 (CYP2D6*1 and CYP2D6*10 allel...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Herraiz T,Guillén H,Arán VJ,Idle JR,Gonzalez FJ

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we investigated the effect of the aqueous extract of Mosla dianthera (Maxim.) (AEMD) on the mast cell-mediated allergy model and studied the possible mechanism of action. Mast cell-mediated allergic disease is involved in many diseases such as asthma, sinusitis and rheumatoid arthritis. The discovery of...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lee DH,Kim SH,Eun JS,Shin TY

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial oxidative stress plays important roles in aging and age-related degenerative disorders. The newly identified mitochondrial thioredoxin (mtTrx; Trx2) is a key component of the mitochondrial antioxidant system which is responsible for the clearance of reactive intermediates and repairs proteins with oxidat...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Chen Y,Yu M,Jones DP,Greenamyre JT,Cai J

更新日期：2006-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Diarrhea is a common dose-limiting toxicity associated with cancer chemotherapy, in particular for drugs such as irinotecan (CPT-11), 5-fluouracil, oxaliplatin, capecitabine and raltitrexed. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum, SJW) has anti-inflammatory activity, and our preliminary study in the rat and a pilot stu...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Hu ZP,Yang XX,Chan SY,Xu AL,Duan W,Zhu YZ,Sheu FS,Boelsterli UA,Chan E,Zhang Q,Wang JC,Ee PL,Koh HL,Huang M,Zhou SF

更新日期：2006-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To understand the effect of thuringiensin on the lungs tissues, male Sprague-Dawley rats were administrated with thuringiensin by intratracheal instillation at doses 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. The rats were sacrificed 4 h after treatment, and lungs were isolated and examined. Subsequently, an...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Tsai SF,Yang C,Liu BL,Hwang JS,Ho SP

更新日期：2006-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic-contaminated well water has been shown to increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Because of involving S-adenosylmethionine, homocysteine may modify the risk by interfering with the biomethylation of ingested arsenic. In this study, we assessed the effect of plasma homocysteine level and urinary monomethylarsoni...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wu MM,Chiou HY,Hsueh YM,Hong CT,Su CL,Chang SF,Huang WL,Wang HT,Wang YH,Hsieh YC,Chen CJ

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several pesticides and fungicides commonly used to control agricultural and indoor pests are highly suspected to display endocrine-disrupting effects in animals and humans. Endocrine disruption is mainly caused by the interference of chemicals at the level of steroid receptors: it is now well known that many of these ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Molina-Molina JM,Hillenweck A,Jouanin I,Zalko D,Cravedi JP,Fernández MF,Pillon A,Nicolas JC,Olea N,Balaguer P

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peroxynitrite formed by the reaction of superoxide and nitric oxide is a highly reactive species with a role in various pathological processes such as cancer, chronic inflammation, and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. In the present study, the effect of the carotenoids, lycopene and beta-carotene, on peroxyni...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Muzandu K,Ishizuka M,Sakamoto KQ,Shaban Z,El Bohi K,Kazusaka A,Fujita S

更新日期：2006-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Four triazole fungicides used in agricultural or pharmaceutical applications were examined for hepatotoxic effects in mouse liver. Besides organ weight, histopathology, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme induction, DNA microarrays were used to generate gene expression profiles and hypotheses on potential mechanisms of a...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Goetz AK,Bao W,Ren H,Schmid JE,Tully DB,Wood C,Rockett JC,Narotsky MG,Sun G,Lambert GR,Thai SF,Wolf DC,Nesnow S,Dix DJ

更新日期：2006-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic is an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with refractory or relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia. The use of arsenic for treating solid tumors, particularly in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, has been extensively studied. Here, we report that arsenite-resistant human lun...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lin YL,Ho IC,Su PF,Lee TC

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organophosphorus esters (OP) are highly toxic chemicals used as pesticides and nerve agents. Their acute toxicity is attributed to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) in nerve synapses. Our goal was to find a new therapeutic for protection against OP toxicity. We used a gene therapy vector, adeno-ass...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Li B,Duysen EG,Poluektova LY,Murrin LC,Lockridge O

更新日期：2006-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcium channel blockers and macrolide antibiotics account for many drug interactions. Anecdotal reports suggest interactions between the two resulting in severe side effects. We studied the interaction between verapamil and erythromycin in the rat to see whether it occurs at the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamic le...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Dakhel Y,Jamali F

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used a pharmacological approach to study the mechanisms underlying the rat lung injury and the airway reactivity changes induced by inhalation of formaldehyde (FA) (1% formalin solution, 90 min once a day, 4 days). The reactivity of isolated tracheae and intrapulmonary bronchi were assessed in dose-response cu...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lino dos Santos Franco A,Damazo AS,Beraldo de Souza HR,Domingos HV,Oliveira-Filho RM,Oliani SM,Costa SK,Tavares de Lima W

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that stimulates transcription directed by xenobiotic response elements upstream of target genes. Recently, AhR ligands were reported to induce formation of an AhR-estrogen receptor (ER) complex, which can bind to estrogen response elements (ERE...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Shipley JM,Waxman DJ

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Garlic and its active components are known to possess antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. The present study investigated the effects of garlic oil and its organosulfur compounds on endotoxin-induced intestinal mucosal damage. Wistar rats received by gavage 50 or 200 mg/kg body weight garlic oil (GO), 0.5 mmol/kg...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Chiang YH,Jen LN,Su HY,Lii CK,Sheen LY,Liu CT

更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the vascular effects induced by phylloquinone (Vitamin K1; VK1). Vascular reactivity experiments, using standard muscle bath procedures, showed that VK1 (5 and 50 microM) enhances the contractile response of endothelium-intact, but not denuded, rat carotid rings to phe...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Tirapelli CR,De Andrade CR,Lieberman M,Laurindo FR,De Souza HP,de Oliveira AM

更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Apocynin (acetovanillone) is often used as a specific inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. In N11 glial cells, apocynin induced, in a dose-dependent way, a significant increase of both malonyldialdehyde level (index of lipid peroxidation) and lactate dehydrogenase release (index of a cytotoxic effect). Apocynin evoked also, in...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Riganti C,Costamagna C,Bosia A,Ghigo D

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deltamethrin, a widely used type II pyrethroid insecticide, is a relatively potent neurotoxicant. While the toxicity has been extensively examined, toxicokinetic studies of deltamethrin and most other pyrethroids are very limited. The aims of this study were to identify, characterize, and assess the relative contribut...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Anand SS,Bruckner JV,Haines WT,Muralidhara S,Fisher JW,Padilla S

更新日期：2006-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Disintegrins and disintegrin-like proteins are molecules found in the venom of four snake families (Atractaspididae, Elapidae, Viperidae, and Colubridae). The disintegrins are nonenzymatic proteins that inhibit cell-cell interactions, cell-matrix interactions, and signal transduction, and may have potential in the tre...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sánchez EE,Galán JA,Russell WK,Soto JG,Russell DH,Pérez JC

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Occupational exposure to low molecular weight chemicals, like trimellitic anhydride (TMA), can result in occupational asthma. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are among the first cells to encounter inhaled compounds. These cells can produce many different mediators that have a putative role in asthma. In this study, we exam...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Valstar DL,Schijf MA,Nijkamp FP,Storm G,Arts JH,Kuper CF,Bloksma N,Henricks PA

更新日期：2006-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The biological activities of the polysaccharide have attracted more and more attention in the biochemical and medical areas due to their anti-cancer effects. To estimate the anti-tumor mechanism of MAP, a novel polysaccharide from the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, the apoptosis effects of the polysaccharide on th...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zhang CX,Huang KX

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy metals in the environment originate from both human activities and natural processes. Exposure to these metals can result in important changes to immune activity. Depending on the metal and dose, these changes can result in enhanced immune function, diminished immune responses, or altered responses that produce ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lynes MA,Fontenot AP,Lawrence DA,Rosenspire AJ,Pollard KM

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Valinomycin and cereulide are bacterial toxins with closely similar chemical structure and properties but different toxic effects. Emetic poisoning is induced by cereulide but not by valinomycin. Both are specific potassium ionophores. Such compounds may affect mitochondrial functions. Both compounds cause a potassium...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Teplova VV,Mikkola R,Tonshin AA,Saris NE,Salkinoja-Salonen MS

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tattooing is a popular cosmetic practice involving more than 45 million US citizens. Since the toxicology of tattoo inks and pigments used to formulate tattoo inks has not been reported, we studied the immunological impact of tattooing and determined recovery time from this trauma. SKH-1 hairless mice were tattooed us...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gopee NV,Cui Y,Olson G,Warbritton AR,Miller BJ,Couch LH,Wamer WG,Howard PC

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone) is a natural toxin produced by walnut trees. In this study we show that juglone differentially reduces viability of human cells in culture. Normal fibroblast were found to be especially sensitive to juglone and lost viability primarily through a rapid apoptotic and necrotic respon...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Paulsen MT,Ljungman M

更新日期：2005-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a high association of inorganic arsenic exposure with vascular diseases. Recent research has also linked this vascular damage to impairment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) function by arsenic exposure. However, the role of eNOS in regulating the arsenite-induced va...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Tsou TC,Tsai FY,Hsieh YW,Li LA,Yeh SC,Chang LW

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is a common cause of urinary tract infection. We determined the effects of intravesical instillation of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) on muscle contractions, protein kinase C (PKC) translocation, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in rat urinary bladder. ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Weng TI,Chen WJ,Liu SH

更新日期：2005-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Air pollution particles (PM) are known to elicit an acute inflammatory response in vivo that is mediated in part through PM-induced activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Many of the details of this process and particularly where in the cell it occurs are unclear. To determine whether contact of PM particles w...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Churg A,Xie C,Wang X,Vincent R,Wang RD

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our previous study revealed that 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a specific blocker of A-type current, could also inhibit inward Na+ currents (I(Na)) with a state-independent mechanism in rat cerebellar granule cells. In the present study, we report an inhibitory effect of 4-AP on voltage-gated and tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitiv...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lu BX,Liu LY,Liao L,Zhang ZH,Mei YA

更新日期：2005-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Simple alkylating agents induce cell death by activating the apoptotic pathway. In rodent fibroblasts, apoptosis triggered by DNA methylation lesions is executed via the mitochondrial damage pathway. Here, we studied cell death induced by the methylating agents methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nit...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Tomicic MT,Christmann M,Fabian K,Kaina B

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00